When a child strains to follow directions, confuses words that have very similar sounds, or seems distracted in noisy setting, parents may wonder if hearing loss is the issue. But in some cases, the problem might not be with the ears at all: It could be a disorder called auditory processing disorder (APD).
Even though hearing loss and Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) often present with similar signs, they are distinct conditions that require unique analyses and interventions. Below, we’ll break down the main differences to help you support your child’s unique needs.
What is Hearing Loss?
Hearing loss refers to a decreased ability to sense sound, usually caused by issues in the outer, middle, or inner ear.
Three key classifications:
- Conductive hearing loss: Happens as a result of blockages or damage in the outer or middle ear, including ear infections or accumulation of earwax
- Sensorineural hearing loss: Consists of damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve, typically due to aging, noise exposure, or genetics
- Mixed hearing loss: A combination of conductive and sensorineural types
Physicians usually make a diagnosis through standard hearing assessments like audiograms, otoacoustic emissions, or auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing. When a child experiences hearing loss, the issue is with their ability to perceive sound at all.
What Is Auditory Processing Disorder?
APD, on the other hand, is not a hearing problem; it’s a brain-based problem with deciphering sounds. Kids with APD can hear perfectly fine, but they have difficulty making sense of what they hear.
It’s frequently described as “hearing but not understanding.”
Some common challenges include:
- Difficulty following multi-step verbal directions
- Struggling to distinguish between similar sounds or words
- Having trouble focusing in loud settings (such as schools or busy eateries)
- Having trouble understanding humor, irony, or expressions that aren’t meant to be taken literally
Because the ears are working normally, a standard hearing test might come back showing no problems. In Auditory Processing Disorder, the problem occurs not with hearing the sound itself, but instead with how the brain interprets and processes the sound after it has been sensed.
How Testing and Diagnosis Vary
In order to diagnose hearing loss, audiologists use conventional hearing exams that measure sound detection. Diagnosing APD, on the other hand, requires specialized testing that goes beyond detecting sound.
Evaluations often involve a multidisciplinary team, including:
- An audiologist to evaluate auditory processing capabilities
- A specialist in speech and language to assess understanding and expression skills
- A psychologist to rule out attention or learning differences that might look similar to APD
Approaches for Treatment and Assistance
If your child is diagnosed with hearing loss, treatment may include:
- Hearing aids
- Cochlear implants
- Assistive listening devices
- Medical or surgical interventions
Support for Children with APD Diagnosis Typically Includes:
- Speech-language therapy
- Classroom accommodations (e.g., seating changes, written directions)
- Environmental modifications to reduce background noise
- Auditory processing therapy
Some Concluding Thoughts About Hearing Loss vs. APD
Understanding the distinction between hearing loss and auditory processing disorder is essential for getting your child the right help. If your child seems to struggle with listening but their hearing test is normal, don’t stop there. The real problem may only be pinpointed by more in-depth assessments. Children with the appropriate diagnosis and customized treatment approach can excel academically, in their home environment, and in various other aspects of their lives.
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Sources:.
About Hearing Loss in Children|Hearing Loss in Children|CDC.
Auditory processing disorder (APD)– Symptoms and causes– Mayo Clinic.
Auditory Processing Disorder vs. Hearing Loss: Key Differences.
Understanding the Differences: Auditory Processing Disorder vs. Hearing Loss|Hearing.
Associates of Las Vegas.
Auditory Processing Disorder (for Parents)|Nemours KidsHealth.